The famous "Roman salute", performed by lifting the right arm extended and slightly bent, and showing the palm, which spread first in fascist Italy, then, with some variations, in many other countries authoritative era, such as Germany, Spain, Greece, and still used today in the sphere of right, has an origin issue.
Its adoption by the imitation of fascism came to salute made by the legionaries Fiume by D'Annunzio. The poet, a man of great culture and a lover of the classic that has been such a gesture which, in fact, the form of an ancient Roman salute. But it is not at all clear from texts such as the poet had drawn the idea of \u200b\u200bAbruzzo.
In truth, historians do not agree on the existence in Roman times of such a form of greeting, at least by military standards for encoded legionnaires or for the simple mores Quiriti. There are both literary sources, both iconographic, documenting the existence of certain forms of greeting, but must interpret them correctly and place them in specific social contexts of use.
The existence of a "salute" formalized appears highly likely based on some steps, as one of the De bello Africo Pseudo-Caesar, which referred to a military salutatio more. However, songs from the same content can be traced, for example, in De bello civilians in Vitae Cesarum of Suetonius, in Josephus and other authors even as Publilius Syrus. According to many
the historic Roman salute "classic", that taken by the Fascists, certainly existed in the period of the Punic Wars, and was practiced, (Carocci, Complete History of the Roman fascist regime in , Garzanti, 1999), with the right arm extended to ' height of the face. Another scholar, Rome has proposed a very interesting variation, as witnessed by some minor authors, Publilius Syros, in the Rome of Caesar. The legend wants introduced by Mario. It happened this way, as you have seen his right fist on his heart, and then extended his arm, at the height of the face.
There are numerous claims of such a form of greeting. the famous statue of the famous statue of the August of the Trasimeno Prima Porta, was the equally famous equestrian Marcus Aurelius on the Capitol. Some historians believe that the Anglo-Saxon equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, was originally located where now stands the Lateran Basilica, and then in front of the barracks of the equites singulares , to signify the same monarch who replied to the salute that the department was making the Trajan's Column depicts a rather salutatio emperor by the legions, in which all together milites greet the prince, raising his right arm fully extended. A virtually identical gesture appears in a funerary relief of Ephesus in the second century AD, in which the deceased, a soldier, greets his upper arm leaning forward and slightly bent, palms facing the master, all fingers together except the thumb extended. Moreover, some depictions on coins represent the same scene. Again, Josephus in his De bello Iudaica report as Legionnaires, cheering their commander, would rise three times in the right arm.
Other historians, however, point out that there is a discrepancy between the actions depicted in these figurative works, as in the three figures mentioned above, unlike the Column of Trajan and a few coins, the portrait does not see the hand gesture entirely relaxed, but only the index, lifted up, while the other fingers are usually slightly bent towards down. This, together with other factors, has led some scholars to believe that this gesture is that of ' adlocutio by which a speaker addresses his audience by starting the conversation, not a proper salute.
Others have proposed other alternative forms of military salute, respectively, raise your hand to the helmet on the top, similar to the modern military salute (documented by two surveys, including the famous one of Domitius Enobarbus) and lead the right hand to fist over the heart.
addition, there are many historians who doubt the existence of a genuine salute encoded in Roman times, and interpret various gestures reported above, except the ' adlocutio but was typical of' orator, such as informal expressions, similar to that still waved in the West, and elsewhere, is accomplished by raising an arm to a friend.
Another exception must be made to the "gladiatorial salute" carried clutching his forearms, which is believed to be the equivalent of the handshake is now known, and that was the informal greeting and camaraderie of the legionaries, (or gladiator ?), and the simple vires.
A modest opinion of the undersigned, the frequency with which the iconography indicates the salus iuvare with his right arm raised and the palm turned in front of him, in accordance with the testimony of literary texts on a specific salutatio between legionnaires, suggests that a gesture very similar to the "Roman salute" actually existed, at least in the military. The continuity of such claims through the centuries and in different periods, from Republic to Empire, is a further endorsement of that ipotesi.Prove definitive and absolutely certain of the veracity of this theory do not exist, however, this hypothesis is that the lectio probabilior between the various conflicting.
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