Ceboxin What Is It For

L’INESISTENTE “PULIZIA ETNICA” FASCISTA IN VENEZIA GIULIA
I dati quantitativi dei censimenti della popolazione della Venezia Giulia, nei periodi che vanno dal 1880 al 1910 e dal 1910 al 1921, attestano come non sia avvenuta nessuna “pulizia etnica” fascista.
Per l’intera durata del primo periodo, la regione in questione fu sottoposta all'amministrazione austroungarica, mentre al termine del secondo ad essa si era sostituita, da soli tre anni, l'amministrazione italiana.
E’ ben noto come il governo asburgico perseguisse il progetto di “germanizzare e slavizzare” la Venezia Giulia, come anche la Dalmazia e l’Alto Adige, secondo le precise direttive di Francesco Giuseppe nel suo consiglio della Corona del 1866, and this is confirmed by the demographics of the period 1866-1918, on the one hand they see massive deportations of Italians, on the other Slavic immigration facilitated in every way, all accompanied by a policy of persecution against the Italians themselves from violence, change forced by a large number of names etc..
may be important to see whether the comparison between the statistics of the Austrian and Italian censuses indicating a similar operation by the new government through a difference between the Slovenian population census in 1910 and what was recorded in 1921. The findings emerge as the Slovenian population of Venezia Giulia, which in 1910 consisted of 326,794 units in 1921 had increased to 258,927, with a decrease of 67,867 units representing 26.6% of the total dates back to 1910.
However, it should be noted that, between the two dates for comparison, there was the First World War, with its 8.5 million soldiers who died, of whom at least 1.2 million of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to which were added in 1919, the effects of so-called "English flu". The epidemic of "English" inflicted solely to Italy a number of casualties than the entire world war, and led to scenes reminiscent of the plague-stricken Manzoni Milan, with patrols Monatti responsible for loading the dead. It came to prohibit the sound of the bells in mourning, to avoid giving the public an idea of \u200b\u200bthe scale mortality. This plague did not just massacre in Italy, but in Europe and worldwide. The severity of these events with regard to the Venezia Giulia is undeniable, if one takes into account how it was a war zone for almost the entire conflict and in particular had suffered the consequences of the English, causing debilitation of the population. The same absolute number of Italians living there, then apart from those immigrants, was decreased compared to that of 1910.
It is also true of the population movements that occurred during the period of 1918-1921 in Venezia Giulia, but they were volunteers, and due to economic reasons.
1] The Austrian Government had entered the region in its project "Germanize slavicized and [...] with energy and without any regard" (Minutes of the Board of the Austrian Crown 1866), officers, directors, military ethnic Austrian, Hungarian and Slovenian. Indeed, even the post office employees, the telegraph, railways and so on. were chosen preferably from among the Slovenes, and in compliance of the above mentioned project, and because these functions were thought to be of military importance. At the time of handover by the Austro-Hungarian Empire was that all these Italian people, of course, they lost their jobs: no country in the world would have kept officials, military, civil servants of another state, for more foreign and not originating in the Venezia Giulia, as temporary immigrants, both for reasons of loyalty (as it was possible to maintain the military, foreign officials and administrators?), and because the admission for a particular use is subject to specific requirements and knowledge other country to country.
As always happens whenever a territory passes from one state to another, of course, these people lost their jobs, so the majority decided to voluntarily return to their homelands. But those who wanted to stay (as is the case of some families of the tiny German nobility of Gorizia) it could do. It was a simple, routine and inevitable administrative measures, common to all states (Yugoslavia, for example, did the same on its territory), and not an "ethnic cleansing", because those who wanted to stay was vacated in Venezia Giulia. (They are very useful in this respect the considerations of H. Angermeier, " Königtum und Staat im deutschen Reich ", Munich 1954). Quite simply, such as Austria had used the services of its officers, directors, civil servants, military Venezia Giulia, as did Italy.
2] The only true migration for political reasons, not economic, the Venezia Giulia to Yugoslavia was that instead of a few thousand (less than 3000) of Slavic nationalists, who, even here of their own volition, moved immediately after the war in the newborn Kingdom of Yugoslavia, becoming beyond the border of the agitators, propagandists and terrorists of their nationalism in the Italian territory. Again you should not speak of "ethnic cleansing", because this move was voluntary, and involved a number plus a few thousand people (JA Brundage, "The genesis of the Wars: Mussolini and Pavelic ", London 1987 )
3] Yet, one should note as well as during the Fascist period has had an immigration of Slovenes from Slovenia to the Venezia Giulia: the Gardelles JL, French scholar, estimates that at least 20,000 to 25,000 Slovenes immigrarono in Venezia Giulia ed ivi presero stanzialmente residenza durante gli anni ’20 e ’30. (“ Histria et Dalmatia. Peuplements: essai de synthèse ”, “Journal of modern history”, VI (1980), pp. 143-214). Un simile fenomeno, accettato dal regime fascista, è incompatibile con l’idea di un progetto di “pulizia etnica”. Infatti, il censimento italiano del 1936 documentava come, pur rimanendo una netta maggioranza italiana, la percentuale di popolazione slava nella regione era cresciuta rispetto al censimento del 1921.
I diagrammi ed i dati dei censimenti dimostrano chiaramente ed inequivocabilmente la rappresentazione di come non ci sia stato alcun esodo da parte Slovenes at the end of the First World War. Compared to the 1910 census, the percentage of Slavs in the total population of Venezia Giulia was reduced by 6.5 percentage points above those for the causes.
However, compared to the 1921 census, the population of Slavs in Venezia Giulia was increased by more than 4 percentage points, mainly due to a migratory movement from Slovenia to Italy, which shows the lack of a mass expulsion of Slavs, being rather an increase compared to the Italian population. You must instead
detect the width of the brutal ethnic cleansing carried out by the Italian population in Slovenian Istria, where the percentage of the total Italian population population was reduced by 80 percentage points.

PS As to the charge of having Italianate names, this is only partially true. In fact, during the period 1866-1918 was the Habsburg regime slavicized to the Italian surnames, with the support of the clergy Slavic. The Italian rules were supposedly aimed at restoring the original form and corrected so slavicized Italian surname.
addition, there were other changes of the surname from Slavic to Italian, in some cases forced, in volunteers and other interested parties on request. The Apollonius points out that the majority of those who had such a change in the spelling of the surname in the post Second World War, although it could restore the Slavic form, they chose to keep the Italian one. On the contrary, the changes introduced by the imposition by the government did not meet Habsburg nell'onomastica accession no.
E 'can therefore say that in some cases occurred so Italianization of Slavic names against the wishes of the owners, but were limited to complex cases, as a rule it was the recovery of the original Italian form of the same name (by slavicized Austria) or a voluntary change.