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Marco d'Aviano Part 2

Marco d'Aviano, holy and forgotten hero
His Barbarossa is in theaters, and Renzo Martinelli has long been committed to the preparation of his next film: Marco d'Aviano . It should be a movie all the more spectacular of Barbarossa, because if this had to rebuild the twelfth-century Milan, Marco d'Aviano in Vienna will have to reconstruct the order of 600. To make the colossal film, then there should be the main scene, which should cover the siege of Vienna, which began July 12, 1683 with the arrival of the first Turkish vanguard in the suburbs of Vienna. The consistency of the army turkish, full, has been variously estimated at from 200,000 to 300,000 men, but is more likely to be around 140,000. Assuming this figure to be good, would still be twice the coalition forces Austrian, Swabian, Bavarian, Saxon, Franconian assommanti to 70,000 men, of whom 30,000, well trained, came from Poland alone, led by King John Sobieski. Preparations for battle were undertaken on the evening of September 11 the next day, Sunday, September 12, 1683, took place on what is remembered as the Battle of Vienna , a battle whose outcome would depend on the future course of European history . In the case of Ottoman victory, in fact, Europe sarebbe stata islamizzata di forza. E secondo il terribile progetto del gran visir Kara Mustafà, progetto che in Europa si credeva o si pensava di conoscere, questi aveva in mente di "espugnare Vienna e Praga, frantumare le forze di Luigi XIV sul Reno, e marciare su Roma per fare di San Pietro le scuderie del sultano".
Con un impiego di forze di quella proporzione, Vienna - assediata e parzialmente svuotata da suoi abitanti, datisi a precipitosa fuga nell'imminenza del pericolo - secondo quel progetto turco, sarebbe dovuta capitolare in pochi giorni. Invece resistette ad oltranza, dando così modo alla coalizione amica di organizzare gli aiuti. I viennesi sentivano che la posta in gioco era troppo grande: Vienna era considerata l'ultimo baluardo contro advanced irrepressible Islam, which had culminated in 1453 with the conquest of Constantinople (now Istanbul) by the Ottoman Turks; company that ended the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire.
The director will also be able to represent the terror suffered by the people of Vienna during the terrible two months of the siege, "the ramparts were not fortified and equipped, the guns were scarce, while from the walls of the besieged Muslim could see the tents that stretched out of sight in the area. " The Terror of Vienna was also fueled by the stories of what happened 112 years earlier, in 1571, the island of Cyprus, taken from the assault of the Turks to the Venetians. It happened a terrifying fact of unprecedented cruelty and brutality, now downplayed and virtually ignored the story, a story which I refer to reading through Wikipedia, the siege of Famagusta on and the horrible murder of his Captain General Marcantonio Bragadin , as well as Governor of Cyprus (the fact is well described in the book by Christopher Catherwood, "The Folly of Churchill, the invention of Iraq." These, in detail, he described the atrocities committed by the Ottoman Turks who occupied the ' island, and the horrible end that was the subject of numerous stock Bragadin, went there with him in full regalia, as they went to a party, to sign the surrender and hand over the keys to the city. They were completely helpless, as a sign of peace). That fact should be borne in mind in future on film Martinelli Marco d'Aviano, to make viewers understand the reason for such a great fear of the Ottoman Turks. Famagusta, after 22 years of uninterrupted siege - perhaps the longest in history - had to capitulate to hardship and hunger, nor the residents they were able to count on external aid, or the mother's home in Venice, because it engaged in preparations for what would eventually be the battle, which has great influence on the subsequent course of history: the Battle of Lepanto on 7 October 1571.
A Father Marco d'Aviano should be credited more per la vittoria delle forze cristiane su quelle islamiche nello scontro decisivo di Vienna; lo si può intuire anche leggendo la sua biografia, unita agli atti per il processo di canonizzazione ( biografia di padre Marco d'Aviano ) . Eppure, nelle enciclopedie, nei libri di storia delle scuole superiori, almeno quelli più retrodatati, Marco d'Aviano non viene nemmeno citato. Completamente trascurato. Ne è riprova il fatto che, chiedendo in giro chi sia Marco d'Aviano, pochi o nessuno saprà rispondere; dovrebbe essere almeno conosciuto in Polonia e in Austria, sua patria adottiva, e soprattutto a Vienna, dove è sepolto, vicino ai reali d'Austria. Una rivalutazione, una riscoperta del beato, da quelle parti, however, seems to have occurred only recently, first, there also seems to have been forgotten. In fact, when in 1883 "is solemnly celebrated the second anniversary of the liberation of Vienna, in speeches and in commemoration of the fact we do not even remember a certain Father Marco d'Aviano, who had been, see combination! - One of the causes determinants of the great victory which had saved Vienna, the empire, Europe. Given the time and place, you can not just say that it was a random silence. " And it was perhaps also for the veneration of which would likely benefit in Poland, Pope Wojtyla, the Polish pope, before he died, he wanted beatified, Sunday, April 27, 2003, closing the lungo processo di beatificazione e canonizzazione . Durato 300 anni, era iniziato nel 1703, dopo appena 4 anni dalla morte di padre Marco d'Aviano ( beatificazione di padre Marco d'Aviano ).

Marco d'Aviano, una vita da santo eroico, tutta spesa per la conservazione dell'indipendenza politica e religiosa dell'Europa dall'invadenza islamica turca ottomana. Santa, la prima parte della vita, anche per i miracoli documentati, che gli sono stati attribuiti; defatigante la seconda, per i numerosi viaggi - molto disagevoli per quell'epoca - compiuti per raggiungere le corti d'Europa, ove era molto richiesta la presenza di un frate già in odore di santità; santa ed eroica la terza ed ultima parte of life for its ubiquitous presence on the battlefield, from Vienna, Buda, Belgrade, to support and encourage the soldiers, urging them to fight heroically for the sake of Christianity, and with it Europe.

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Related Post: Bragadin Marcantonio, Marco d'Aviano , Knights of St. Stephen

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Blog by Marcello Mammi http://narrare-dimammi.blogspot .com/2009/10/primo-ottobre-1561-il-sacro-militare.html

October 1561 First

The Sacred Military Order of St. Stephen

viene istituito da Cosimo I dei Medici Granduca di Toscana.

Lo scopo principale era costituire una flotta navale e da sbarco, per la difesa delle coste e dei territori toscani ed in generale italici, dai pirati barbareschi, turchi, mori e quindi dall’Islam.
“..ad Dei laudem et gloriam ac fidei Catholicae defensionem marisque Mediterranei ab infedelibus custodiam et tuitionem…” .
Il papa Pio IV con la solenne Bolla "His, quae Pro Religionis Propagatione" del 1 febbraio 1562 ne decretò la costituzione " perpetuo erigimus ac instituimus " e ne approvò status " statuimus ac ordinamus .
The Order was later consecrated March 15, 1562 in the Primate of Pisa, by the Apostolic Nuncio Monsignor Cornaro.Inizialmente the seat had to be in Cosmopolis, the current Portoferraio Island of Elba. For logistical reasons was the favorite port of Livorno and Pisa for the fleet.

The order was dedicated to St. Stephen Pope and Martyr (254-257 AD) and was placed under the Benedictine rule, the choice of this saint is due to the fact that, on August 2, the anniversary of his party, Cosimo I scored two important victories in Montemurlo in 1537 ( against Strozzi) and Scannagallo in 1554 against Siena.
The main charges were of the order and the Grand Master, who was the Grand Duke, the twelve knights of the Supreme Council, the Commander more, alter ego of the duke, who commanded the most questionable landing troops and assaults, Admiral general who was commander of the galleys of the fleet and led into battle, the great hospitality and the prior convent. The order included three kinds of riders: the soldiers, clergy and serventi.L 'access order was highly selective and elitist, it was necessary to send a "petition" to the Grand Master and overcome a process of nobility, with much acting as notary and riders witnesses. The supplicant, that the aspiring knight, to document the birth of parents united in lawful marriage, and in places known as a noble city, have more than 17 years, the membership of all four of the ancestors to the noble class, have a significant heritage not be sentenced to prison terms and have always had, including avi, exemplary conduct. Valid as on the positions of honor and public, and his own family.
Once you have passed the trial proceeded with the habit of neocavaliere, the dignitary responsible for choosing the order went into the church for the ceremony, "struck the other a shoulder" and handed the sign, another knight offered his sword and two spurs gold to symbolize the military dress was to be his forever, until the funeral, then was cut by two knights. The riders had to profess vows: love, marital fidelity and obedience to superiors. Were required to undergo a strict discipline and hard training, as it should have led to values \u200b\u200bat the cost of sacrificing their own lives.

The campaigns saw the Order fighting alongside the English against the Ottomans, with the defense of Malta (1565).
participated with the Holy League at the Battle of Lepanto (1571) with twelve galleys under the papal insignia.
aid decision-Bona in Algeria, and after the recognition of military capabilities, the Order was employed against the Turks and Barbary pirates along the coasts of the Mediterranean.
date from this period a series of raids on the islands of the Aegean Sea, held by the Turkish campaigns in Dalmatia and Negroponte and the war in Corfu.

Following Ferdinand III of Lorraine rearrange the order giving the prevalence of diplomacy and trade agreements, rather than military action, they were limited to coastal defense. It dates back, however, this time to aid the Venetians against the Ottomans.
In 1809 l’Ordine fu soppresso dal governo napoleonico e ripristinato nel 1817.
Fu nuovamente soppresso nel 1859 da Bettino Ricasoli, presidente del consiglio dei ministri del regno d’Italia.
Tuttavia questa soppressione non fu accettata dalla dinastia dei Lorena in quanto, trattandosi di un ordine religioso consacrato dal papato, solo il papa poteva scioglierlo.

Oggi esiste ancora e l’attuale Gran Maestro è S.A.I. Sigismondo d’Asburgo Lorena, arciduca d’Austria, granduca titolare di Toscana dal 1993.

Piazza dei Cavalieri a Pisa


(Continua)

Polycistic Ovarian Fibrosis

Exaltation of Cosimo de Medici

Florence, falling to his glorious republic (1530), the field was the sigh of lost liberty, under the despotic government of the Duke Alessandro, which finally fell victim to a conspiracy.
Retreader Medici fortunes was the new duke, Cosimo (1537-1574), a young prince, who did not lack energy, political acumen and balanced enough to not abuse of absolute power. Cosimo clung to Charles V, and, in competition with the imperial troops, overthrew the freedom of Siena and absorbed much of its territory.
The regional unit of Tuscany, old aspirations of the City of Florence, so it was almost complete, AND NOT only small strips of the region. Cosimo gave the state a solid order absolutist: reorganized the administration and finances, strengthen the military organization, with wise initiatives promoted the economic development of the country, created a regional army, composed of local elements. Was entrusted with the safety of navigation, as well as the Duke's fleet, the Knights of St. Stephen, a religious order of chivalry, new foundation, which was located in Pisa in the sumptuous palace of Vasari, who still has the name of the Knights. In the struggle against the Barbary pirates, the Order acquired great merits in a constant vigilance on the seas and heroic actions of guerra.La reclamation of wetlands, construction of canals and other works utilities, the impetus given to industries, especially silk, Florence, Pisa, Siena, and their businesses, the first projects for the construction of the artificial port of Livorno, is the measure of vitality impressed by Cosimo to 'Tuscan economy. The government altogether wise and beneficial to him could overshadow his despotism and his many acts of tyranny.
The exaltation of the dignity of Grand Duke Cosimo by decree of Pope Pius V (1569) represented the recognition of the fervor with which he had promoted in its member the triumph of the ideals of the Catholic Reformation. The new title, then recognized by the emperor with a high monetary reward, gave the House of Medici a position of priority to all other Italian princes. Between Cosimo's successors, Ferdinand I (1587-1609) had the merit of having brought out the construction of the port of Livorno. To give the maximum increase in the port and the city, built from nothing you can say, the Grand Duke granted broad relief from customs duty, called a license in 1593, which was called the "Livornina, emigrated to live in other countries, regardless of nationality, race and religion: flocked in large numbers, then contributing to the fortunes of the new center Protestants and Jews. Under Ferdinand, Tuscany rested on the side of France. The Marriage of Maria, the nephew of the Grand Duke, and Henry IV of France, at a time in which this nation was recovering position in the field of international politics, had the value of a diplomatic note directed to free Tuscany from English protection.
Under the weak government of the last prince of the Medici family, which became extinct in 1737, Tuscany was devoid of any political importance, and accentuated the economic decline.

This song has been transcribed in full by drawing it, "Civilization and Society" course of history, "La Scuola Editrice, for the third class of technical schools - Fourth Edition 1964 - Chapter XIV.
My attention was attracted, and was concerned about this track, because it contains the excitement for the Knights of St. Stephen, and the excitement for Cosimo de Medici, the maker of the building, out of nowhere, the city of Livorno, for the ponderous presence of canals, Venice is also called the New . Clicking on it, you can also access the link to the Old Fort, also known as "Mastio of the Countess Matilda," as the first building of its ramparts dating back perhaps to the eleventh century (from the book Civilization and Society, above).
For a discussion of the topics mentioned here, you can find the blog of Sarcastycon3 accessing, browsing and then, where are described in detail previously unpublished.

What A Brzilian Wax Looks Like

Marco d'Aviano

Marco d'Aviano : Who was costui? Confesso la mia ignoranza, fino a ieri. Conoscevo quel nome, perchè a Milano, in zona Loreto-Padova, c'è una via a lui intitolata. Ma tutto lì. C'è voluto un imput da parte di Renzo Martinelli, per far si che iniziassi ad interessarmene. Renzo Martinelli è il regista brianzolo di Cesano Maderno, estimatore di Umberto Bossi. Nè dalla Rai, nè da altre reti televisive ne avevo mai sentito parlare prima, eppure, Marco D'Aviano è stato un personaggio di grande importanza per gli assetti dell'Europa moderna; al quale deve molto. Non se ne comprende, pertanto, la trascuratezza e la dimenticanza cui è stato fatto oggetto. Ed è sempre l'ardimentoso regista a ricordarci che Marco D'Aviano was, for Europe, a character far more important than what Joan of Arc was, and is for France. Proclaimed a saint in 1920 by Pope Benedict XV, Marco D'Aviano, which, among other things, miracles have been attributed to him still living, but it took the arrival of the papal throne of a foreign pope, the Polish Pope John Paul II, to ensure, to 304 years after his death, Marco D'Aviano was beatified in 2003.

Europe today would not be the same without the appearance on the European stage of the seventeenth century, Marco D'Aviano. European women were forced to dress in accordance with Koranic law; the Vatican would be the largest Islamic mosque, worth more than what became the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul , because Rome was to become the world center of Islam, and all our churches would now be reduced to the rank of madrasas and mosques.

This concept mentioned by Renzo Martinelli, during the television program on Rai 2, "What," on Saturday September 26. He was there to speak of his film, Barbarossa, the upcoming exhibition, scheduled for Oct. 9.

It 'was during this program, which also announced the production of his film on Marco D'Aviano, whose work will start next year 2010. The work will present great similarities with the film Barbarossa. In the latter is that the tiny population of Milan, coalizzatasi with that of other towns, stood before the army made mostly of farmers and laborers, all volunteers, poorly armed and badly equipped, but, full of courage and courage, defeated the imperial army of Frederick Barbarossa. In the case of the human story of Marco d'Aviano, the figure of an indomitable priest, dressed as a friar, born Carlo Domenico Cristofori was born in Aviano in 1631 and died in Vienna in 1699, which, alone, running to the Courts Europe, he managed to win the indifference of the powerful against Vienna, under siege from several months Ottoman turkish army, camped outside its walls, waiting to surrender by starvation. Marco D'Aviano succeeded with his plan to shake the torpor kings and princes of Europe, meaning, as they were, not to make any step in aid of Vienna. Marco D'Aviano coalition did so, those armies, making liberate Europe from the danger of a long and painful Ottoman domination. Europe was saved, and with it Christianity.

hatred that Muslims have towards Europeans and Westerners, all derived from their humiliating defeat. No other reason, not even on religious grounds is the thesis of Renzo Martinelli, on this issue.

With that defeat, the Turks Ottomans, who were counting on success in Vienna, to resume the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, interrupted by more than a century, had to abandon any ambition unrealistic. After that defeat, the Ottoman Turkey found itself embroiled in a growing and increasingly unmanageable economic crisis and military policy. It was thus started a period, which lasted more than two centuries, during which she was forced to deal with anything but not expansionist. Later, with the advent to power of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the father of modern Turkey, appeared on the scene at the beginning of political and military '900, Turkey began to open to European modernity. With the advent of Mustafa Kemal was so on the path to that slow change of mentality, which is still trying to lead Turkey towards modernity, and toward a full integration with Europe.

E 'to believe in them about this change?

E 'especially on this question mark face those for and against the entrance of Turkey into the EU.